References
BC Ministry of Environment. 2011. Field Assessment for Determining Fish Passage Status of Closed Bottom Structures. Victoria, British Columbia: BC Ministry of Environment. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/land-based-investment/forests-for-tomorrow/field-assessment-for-determining-fish-passage-status-of-cbs.pdf.
BC Parks. 2020. “Arctic Pacific Lakes Park.” 2020. https://bcparks.ca/arctic-pacific-lakes-park/#park-reconciliation-container.
BC Species & Ecosystem Explorer. 2020. “Salvelinus Confluentus Pop. 10 (Bull Trout - Western Arctic Populations).” 2020. http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/reports.do?elcode=AFCHA05122.
Beaudry, Pierre G. 2013a. “Assessment and Assignment of Sensitivity Ratings to Sub-Basins of the Anzac Watershed in Parsnip Drainage – Ominieca Region. Contract Number: GS14823018.” Report. http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/public/viewReport.do?reportId=51630.
———. 2013b. “Assessment and Assignment of Sensitivity Ratings to Sub-Basins of the Missinka Watershed in Parsnp Drainage – Ominieca Region. Contract Number: GS14FWH-006.” Report. P. Beaudry; Associates Ltd. http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/public/viewReport.do?reportId=51631.
———. 2014a. “Assessment and Assignment of Sensitivity Ratings to Sub-Basins of the Hominka Watershed in Parsnip Drainage – Ominieca Region. Contract Number: GS15823011.” Report. http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/public/viewReport.do?reportId=51633.
———. 2014b. “Assessment and Assignment of Sensitivity Ratings to Sub-Basins of the Table Watershed in Parsnip Drainage – Ominieca Region. Contract Number: GS15823011.” Report. http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/public/viewReport.do?reportId=51634.
Bell, M. C. 1991. “Fisheries Handbook of Engineering Requirements and Biological Criteria.” https://www.fs.fed.us/biology/nsaec/fishxing/fplibrary/Bell_1991_Fisheries_handbook_of_engineering_requirements_and.pdf.
Bramblett, Robert, Mason Bryant, Brenda Wright, and Robert White. 2002. “Seasonal Use of Small Tributary and Main-Stem Habitats by Juvenile Steelhead, Coho Salmon, and Dolly Varden in a Southeastern Alaska Drainage Basin.” Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 131 (May): 498–506. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0498:SUOSTA>2.0.CO;2.
Cheng, J, B Karambelkar, and Y Xie. (2014) 2022. “An R Interface to Leaflet Maps.” RStudio. https://github.com/rstudio/leaflet.
Clarkin, K, A Connor, M Furniss, B Gubernick, M Love, K Moynan, and S WilsonMusser. 2005. “National Inventory and Assessment Procedure For Identifying Barriers to Aquatic Organism Passage at Road-Stream Crossings.” United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Technology and Development Program. https://www.fs.fed.us/biology/nsaec/fishxing/publications/PDFs/NIAP.pdf.
Comittee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2012. “COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Bull Trout Salvelinus Confluentus.” Report. https://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_omble_tete_plat_bull_trout_1113_e.pdf.
COSEWIC. 2012. “COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Bull Trout Salvelinus Confluentus in Canada.” Report. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. https://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_omble_tete_plat_bull_trout_1113_e.pdf.
Cote, David, P Frampton, M Langdon, and R Collier. 2005. Fish Passage and Stream Habitat Restoration in Terra Nova National Park Highway Culverts.
Diebel, M. W., M. Fedora, S. Cogswell, and J. R. O’Hanley. 2015. “Effects of Road Crossings on Habitat Connectivity for Stream-Resident Fish: STREAM-RESIDENT FISH HABITAT CONNECTIVITY.” River Research and Applications 31 (10): 1251–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2822.
Finnegan, Noah J., Gerard Roe, David R. Montgomery, and Bernard Hallet. 2005. “Controls on the Channel Width of Rivers: Implications for Modeling Fluvial Incision of Bedrock.” Geology 33 (3): 229–32. https://doi.org/10.1130/G21171.1.
Fish Passage Technical Working Group. 2011. “A Checklist for Fish Habitat Confirmation Prior to the Rehabilitation Fo a Stream Crossing.” https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/land-based-investment/forests-for-tomorrow/checklist-for-fish-habitat-confirmation-201112.pdf.
Fish, and Wildlife Compensation Program. 2020. “Peace Region Rivers, Lakes, & Reservoirs Action Plan.” https://fwcp.ca/app/uploads/2020/08/Action-Plan-Peace-Region-Rivers-Lakes-Reservoirs-Aug-11-2020.pdf.
FLNRORD. 2020a. “Digital Road Atlas (DRA) - Master Partially-Attributed Roads - Data Catalogue.” 2020. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/digital-road-atlas-dra-master-partially-attributed-roads.
———. 2020b. “Forest Tenure Road Section Lines - Data Catalogue.” 2020. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/forest-tenure-road-section-lines.
———. 2021. “Freshwater Atlas Stream Network - Data Catalogue.” Published by Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. 2021. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/freshwater-atlas-stream-network.
Forest and Range Practices Act. 2018. “Order - Fisheries Sensitive Watershed Prince George Forest District.” http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frpa/fsw/approved.html.
GeoBC. 2022. “Freshwater Atlas Watersheds - Datasets - Data Catalogue.” 2022. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/freshwater-atlas-watersheds.
Hagen, John, Ray Pillipow, and Nikolaus Gantner. 2018. “Trend in Abundance of Arctic Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus) in Index Sites of the Parsnip River Watershed, 1995-2018.” 37.
———. 2019. “Trend in Abundance of Arctic Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus) in Index Sites of the Parsnip River Watershed, 1995-2018.” https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/public/viewReport.do?reportId=57235.
Hagen, John, Ian Spendlow, and Ray Pillipow. 2020. “Critical Spawning Habitats and Abundance of Bull Trout in the Williston Reservoir Watershed, 2019,” 57.
Hagen, John, and Mike Stamford. 2021. “Arctic Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus) Abundance and Trend in the Parsnip River Watershed, 1995-2020.” https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/documents/r59157/PEA_F21_F_3203_1622500728936_967641590A.pdf.
Hagen, John, and Susanne Weber. 2019a. “Limiting Factors, Enhancement Potential, Critical Habitats, and Conservation Status for Bull Trout of the Williston Reservoir Watershed: Information Synthesis and Recommended Monitoring Framework.” Report. http://fwcp.ca/app/uploads/2019/08/Bull-Trout-Info-Synthesis-Monitoring-Framework-_FINAL29Aug2019.pdf.
———. 2019b. “Limiting Factors, Enhancement Potential, Critical Habitats, and Conservation Status for Bull Trout of the Williston Reservoir Watershed: Information Synthesis and Recommended Monitoring Framework.” Report. http://fwcp.ca/app/uploads/2019/08/Bull-Trout-Info-Synthesis-Monitoring-Framework-_FINAL29Aug2019.pdf.
Hagen, John, Susanne Williamson, Mike Stamford, and Ray Pillipow. 2015b. “Critical Habitats for Bull Trout and Arctic Grayling Within the Parsnip River and Pack River Watersheds.”
———. 2015a. “Critical Habitats for Bull Trout and Arctic Grayling Within the Parsnip River and Pack River Watersheds.”
Hirst, S. M. 1991. “Impacts of the Operations of Existing Hydroelectric Developments on Fishery Resources in British Columbia.” https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/124832main.pdf.
Irvine. 2021. “Bulkley River and Morice River Watershed Groups Fish Passage Restoration Planning.” https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/.
———. (2021) 2022. “Bulkley River and Morice River Watershed Groups Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2021.” https://github.com/NewGraphEnvironment/fish_passage_skeena_2021_reporting.
———. 2022. “Elk River Watershed Group Fish Passage Restoration Planning 2021.” https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_elk_2021_reporting/.
Irvine, A. 2020. “Parsnip River Watershed – Fish Habitat Confirmations (PEA-F20-F-2967).” https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/Parsnip_Fish_Passage/.
———. 2022. “PEA-F22-F-3577-DCA Restoring Fish Passage in the Peace Region.” https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_parsnip_2021_reporting/.
Martins, E, B O’Connor, J Bottoms, I Clevenger, M Auger-Methé, M Power, D Patterson, M Shrimpton, and Cooke. 2022. “Spatial Ecology of Arctic Grayling in the Parsnip Core Area.” https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/documents/r59889/PEA_F22_F_3388_1664380292568_8FCE11DCCD.pdf.
Mazany-Wright, Nick, Simon M Norris, Joshua Noseworthy, Betty Rebellato, Sarah Sra, and Nicolas W R Lapointe. 2021. “Bulkley River Watershed (Laxyip | Wedzin Kwah),” 46. https://cwf-fcf.org/en/resources/research-papers/Bulkley_WCRP_10-08-2021.pdf.
Ministry of Forests. n.d. “Changing How We Care for Old Growth Forests.” Province of British Columbia. Accessed July 13, 2023. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/industry/forestry/managing-our-forest-resources/old-growth-forests/deferral-areas.
MoE. 2011. “Field Assessment for Determining Fish Passage Status of Closed Bottom Structures.” https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/land-based-investment/forests-for-tomorrow/field-assessment-for-determining-fish-passage-status-of-cbs.pdf.
———. 2019a. “Known BC Fish Observations and BC Fish Distributions.” Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy - Knowledge Management. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/known-bc-fish-observations-and-bc-fish-distributions.
———. 2019b. “Stream Inventory Sample Sites.” Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy - Knowledge Management. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/stream-inventory-sample-sites.
———. 2020a. “Provincial Obstacles to Fish Passage - Data Catalogue.” Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy - Knowledge Management. 2020. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/provincial-obstacles-to-fish-passage.
———. 2020b. “Stream Inventory Sample Sites.” Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy - Knowledge Management. 2020. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/stream-inventory-sample-sites.
———. 2021. “PSCIS Assessments - Data Catalogue.” Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy - Knowledge Management (MoE). 2021. https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/pscis-assessments.
Norris, Simon. (2019) 2021. “Smnorris/Fwapg.” https://github.com/smnorris/fwapg.
———. (2020) 2021. “Smnorris/Bcfishpass.” https://github.com/smnorris/bcfishpass.
Pearce, T, S Lieske, J Morgan, and A Salonas. 2019. “First Nations Information Gathering on Kokanee, Bull Trout and Arctic Grayling: : Report for the Tse’khene Nation (McLeod Lake Indian Band).” https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/documents/r57248/PEA-F19-F-2866-DCA-5-Final_Report-Arctic_North-Ko_1600902816644_0895426641.pdf.
Shrimpton, J. M., S. L. Roberts, and A. D. Clarke. 2012. “Genetic Analysis of Arctic Grayling Population Structure in the Williston Watershed.” http://a100.gov.bc.ca/appsdata/acat/documents/r38246/Report_311_GR_genetics_2012_1379090176074_c3e946726980918f9466d47b59978ad28ded2b969041dd7fe53b83cfe3011493.pdf.
Slaney, P. A, Daiva O Zaldokas, and Watershed Restoration Program (B.C.). 1997. Fish Habitat Rehabilitation Procedures. Vancouver, B.C.: Watershed Restoration Program. https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/library/FFIP/Slaney_PA1997_A.pdf.
Species Registry Canada. 2020. “Bull Trout (Salvelinus Confluentus), Western Arctic Populations - Species Search - Species at Risk Registry.” 2020. https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/species/1202-869.
Stamford, Mike, John Hagen, and Susanne Williamson. 2017. “FWCP Arctic Grayling Synthesis Report,” 148. http://fwcp.ca/app/uploads/2017/07/FWCP_Grayling_Synthesis_Final.pdf.
Stewart, D B, N J Mochnacz, J D Reist, T J Carmichael, and C D Sawatzky. 2007. “Fish Life History and Habitat Use in the Northwest Territories: Arctic Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus).” Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2797, 64.
Swales, Stephen, and C. Levings. 1989. “Role of Off-Channel Ponds in the Life Cycle of Coho Salmon ( Oncorhynchus Kisutch ) and Other Juvenile Salmonids in the Coldwater River, British Columbia.” Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences - CAN J FISHERIES AQUAT SCI 46: 232–42. https://doi.org/10.1139/f89-032.
Thompson, Richard. 2013. “Assessing Fish Passage at Culverts – the Method, Its Metrics and Preliminary Findings from over 4,000 Assessments.” https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/plants-animals-and-ecosystems/fish-fish-habitat/fish-passage/assessing_fish_passage_at_culverts.pdf.
Thorley, J, and A Irvine. 2021. “Channel Width 2021.” Poisson Consulting. 2021. https://poissonconsulting.ca/temporary-hidden-link/1792764180/channel-width-21/.
Thorley, J, S Norris, and I Irvine. 2021. “Channel Width 2021b.” https://www.poissonconsulting.ca/f/859859031.
United Nations General Assembly. 2007. “United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples : Resolution / Adopted by the General Assembly, 2 October 2007, A/RES/61/295.” 2007. https://www.refworld.org/docid/471355a82.html.
Wang, Tongli, Andreas Hamann, D. Spittlehouse, and Trevor Murdock. 2012. “ClimateWNA—High-Resolution Spatial Climate Data for Western North America.” Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51 (January): 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-043.1.
Williamson, S. A, and J. T. Zimmerman. 2005. “Region 7a, Omineca Arctic Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus): Data Consolidation Review and Gap Analysis.” B.C. Ministry of Water, Land,; Air Protection.
Xie, Y, J Cheng, and X Tan. (2014) 2022. “An R Interface to the DataTables Library.” RStudio. https://github.com/rstudio/DT.